Translation and broadcasting
Nowadays broadcasting and translation are part in our
live, everywhere and every time we can found someone do translation and
broadcasting activities. A student who make hand movements in his hand and open
his mouth, give direction to his friend to eat together. This activity means a
student do translation activity with his friend. A lecturer who gives lesson in
front of the class to the students called broadcasting activity.
Some people think word of broadcasting means as an
activity to announce, showed news through voice, television, voices, radio,
newspaper, and internet. This activity start by a communicator (someone who
send information) send some information, idea, into communicant (someone who
receive information) through, symbol, word, sentence, and information.
Translation means replacement a single word (source
language) into other word (target language) and will make new meaning. Someone
do translating a text, symbol, word, sentence and paragraph called translator.
Translator is not a profession, because many people do translating only for
side job. Someone who did not have basic in English can be a good translator,
because a translator not only mastered in English, but also able to mastered
the others knowledge.
Today in state polytechnics of Padang, second year
English department students learn about translation and broadcasting.
English department students learn how to be a good translator and a good
broadcaster to face challenge in cooperate and industrial world. The students
must be mastered both of them, because it will help them in the future. But in
fifth semester the students must choose one of them, broadcasting or translation.
It makes some of the students confused to choose the best one. In a condition
broadcasting will give big opportunity to them to get job after graduated from
state polytechnic of Padang. The opportunity is like job in radio or television
station, such as RRI, TVRI, etc. In other hand, translation also gives big
opportunity to the students to get the job after graduated from State
Polytechnics of Padang.
Broadcasting and translation are has positive and
negative side. The positive side of broadcasting is the students can explore
the world communication or interaction with other people in instants. The
student is able to speak clearly and fluently with other people. The demand of
broadcasting world is speaking, with speaking a broadcaster able to communicate
with other people around the world. The negative side of the broadcasting world
is when someone cannot handle wave of information, the individual will be get
culture shock. The positive side of translation is someone can do his
translation project in his house. So he can get some money without go to
office, use dress, got traffic and don’t need the client of the project even
though our client in abroad. We must have good connection relation with another
people in the world. A translator needs some device to help their job there is
intellectual device and practice device. The practice device such as:
dictionary, computer or laptop, and website for promote his translation. The
intellectual devise such as; good ability in source language, good ability in
target language, mastered about main idea or main problem of the translation
project, skills, and applying the knowledge.
In translation have language system; there are
sentence, clause, phrase, word and morpheme. Sentence is the main element in
translation. The main clause means free clause (the shape of exponents in
sentence structure). The main elements in a clause are S (subject), P
(Predicate), O (object), and K (explanation). The main phrases are verb phrase,
noun phrase, and adverb phrase. Verb phrase example: have been finish, will go.
Noun phrase example: the red wine, good book. Adverb phrase example: very fast.
Compared the translation and broadcasting about the
salary or the money will get from both of them are different. The junior translator
can make money around a million rupiah until three million in a month, if the
job of the translator has many projects in a month. In other hands a junior
broadcaster will get five hundred until a million in a month based on research.
Job of the broadcaster world is available across a
range of functions, requiring different skills, knowledge and experience.
Initially, a recognized journalistic qualification or substantial practical
experience in journalism (say 3 years plus) is a starting point. A special
interest, for example in sport, entertainment, fashion, health, arts etc., with
a good all round knowledge of current affairs would also support your career as
a Broadcast Journalist.
Blooming of the technology makes broadcasting and
translation world easier to learn by many people. Television and radio is the
most popular device which makes broadcasting and translation today. Few years
ago translation and broadcasting is only for cluster group, who mastered about
both of translation and broadcasting, but today cause of technology
broadcasting and translation not only for cluster group but all people in the
world can use the broadcasting and translation in daily life.
A translator
has a rule when he want translate a text the rule is:
First analysis
Transfer
second analysis
Correction Third analysis
Second Transfer correction
Why analysis so important in translation because a
translator must know about the source language about the content and the field
of the text. The translator must know about the shape or what kind of text he
will translate. A simple analysis will be good if the translator good in
develop the text.
Sometimes a translator will get obstacle in
translating a text or the text has many complicated word or sometimes the
translator must translate a legal text or contract. Example :
LION agrees
to indemnify TIGER against and hold on LION harmless from all damages,
liability and costs, suffered or incurred by TIGER as a result of any claim
that any COMPONENT supplied by LION under this agreement constitutes an
infringement of patent. This indemnification shall extend only to actual
damages assessed against or costs incurred by TIGER as the result of judgments
rendered by a court of last resort or a court of lower jurisdiction, from which
no appeals has been taken, holding that the manufacture, sale or use of
such component supplied by TIGER under this agreement constitutes an
infringement of any patent, and TIGER shall not be entitled or recover from
TOYO any loss of profits suffered by TIGER as the result of said patent
infringement.
When the translator analysis the text it so
complicated and confused, the best one is the translator must reduce the
sentence into some short clauses. The translator can reduce with 1) this
indemnification shall extend only to actual damages assessed against or costs
incurred by TIGER, 2) (this indemnification) as the result of judgments
rendered by a court of last resort or a court of lower jurisdiction, 3) from
which (i.e. this judgments) not appeal has been taken, 4) (the judgments) is
holding that the manufacture, sale or such components supplied by TIGER under
this Agreement constitutes an infringement of any patent 5)and TIGER shall not
be entitled to recover from LION any loss of profits suffered by TIGER as the
result of said patent infringement.
Broadcasting is the way to sell the product of the
seller the buyer (business view). Broadcasting means an effort to huddle
audience as many as possible to convince the audience to watch and listen the
program television and radio (social view). Broadcasting means capable to give
information to the audience (politic view).
Broadcast Journalists may begin their careers working
as Researchers or Newsroom Assistants, progressing to become On Screen
Reporters, Special Correspondents, News Presenters, and Bulletin or Programmed
Editors. They may also move into Programmed Production or Management roles, or
become Journalists, Newspaper Reporters or Writers. Some Broadcast Journalists
may also start their careers working as Newspaper or other Print Press
Journalists. The role of a Broadcast Journalist is to turn information into
pictures and sound, reporting and producing live and/or recorded packages as
well as researching, preparing and reading bulletins. You will be responsible
for generating content from a wide range of subjects. You will be encouraging
new contributors and developing their ideas as well as your own. You are likely
to be working as part of a team, generating your own stories and bringing on
board new ideas. You will be initiating and producing a wide range of
news and current affairs material and will be expected to carry out in-depth
research to a broad brief, write material for programmed scripts, bulletins
etc, and at all times exercise excellent editorial judgment and adhere to legal
and good practice guidelines. You may carry out interviews and reporting
duties, in both recorded and live situations, in a studio or perhaps on
location. You can expect to be involved in originating and developing
programmed ideas to support forward planning of material and future programmes
and provide briefings for reporters, camera crews and other resources staff and
contributors.
Radio broadcasting has steps could be heard by the audience. First, the sound
source (information) was process in studio with studio device, such as: mixer,
tape recorder, etc. The next step is the information sends into radio
transmitter and after that the information can listen by the audience.
The sound source can be come from radio announcer, music, and telephone. Voice
or sound is the most important vital elements. The vital voice includes voice
of announcer, voice of informant, voice of supporting music, and sound effect.
If you are a broadcaster your voice is your main weapon to face the world. In
terms of media broadcasting, a radio show can gather a large number of
followers who tune in every day to specifically listen to that specific disc
jockey. The disc jockey follows the script for his or her radio show and just
talks into the microphone. He or she does not expect immediate feedback from
any listeners. The message is broadcast across airwaves throughout the
community, but there the listeners cannot always respond immediately,
especially since many radio shows are recorded prior to the actual air time.
In radio broadcasting there many device will be used,
one of them is audio mixer, audio mixer is a device which mix the source
language into signal electric. In Audio mixer there are part on it, such as
input module, group module, master module, and accessories (Auxiliary, Fold
back, Monitor, Limiter, and Hybrid Internal). There are functions of input
module: Mic /Line, Gin control, the function is pulls up the input level
according to standard level studio. Phantom Power function is when the
condenser microphone use. Filter function is to select or eliminate the
distances of frequency. PFL ( PRE FADER LISTENING ) used to monitored audio
signal before fader. Panorama Potensio Meter function is to make stereo effect
with turn the bullet into the left and right. Mute Swicth function is to shut
down signal of the voice In channel fader. AUXILARY SEND used to send signal,
which is separate from output master, the function is to send monitor signal.
Voice level control functions are to control gain
control in input module, equalization control, to control input fader and
module master. The equalization function is correction and isolation.
Correction means to fix audio signal or selecting microphone which is not
appropriate. Isolation means systematization of used microphone more than one
microphone with different source sound.
The purpose
of monitoring
•
Error production: misspelling, inappropriate
•
Technical error: unbalance between voice and microphone
•
Voice quality; distortion existence, low and high bad intonation
•
Device error at recording: bad tape, abnormal tape recorder
Interactive
dialogue
The main elements in Interactive dialogue are topic
(what will discuss), moderator (someone who will guide your Interactive
dialogue), and the questions (WH Questions+ H). The purposes are to give
information, to interpretive, and to emotional. To give information means
interview for give information to audience. To interpretive means interview
want to know about a topic deeply. And to emotional means interview to tell
about experience and feeling.
Stage of interactive dialogues is preparing,
implementation, and evaluation. In the preparation stage, all of the crew of
the radio must discus about decides what the topic is (entertain, education, or
information), decides the informant (actress, government official etc.),
decides location (inside or outside of studio), and anything what will we need.
How to be a good moderator? You must knowledgeable, firm, sensitive quick
thinking, impartial and courteous. The duties of a moderator are knowledge
about the topic, know about the informant, can make ice breaking atmosphere,
and control dialogue.
